Specialty Billing Published July 24, 2026 · Yagnesh Dave

Hospice & Palliative Care Billing: 2026 Guide

Hospice billing operates under a distinct Medicare Part A benefit structure that's unlike any other service line. Four levels of care, a daily rate model, election and revocation rules, and strict certification requirements — all of it has to be right before you submit.

If you're working through these issues, our specialty billing services can help you address them systematically.

The Four Levels of Hospice Care

Medicare reimburses hospice at four levels, each with its own revenue code and daily rate:

Service Intensity Add-on (SIA): For RHC days, when a registered nurse or social worker provides direct patient care in the last 7 days of life, an additional payment is made per hour of that service. This requires specific revenue code reporting — it's not automatic.

GIP Criteria: The Documentation Problem

General Inpatient Care is the most audited hospice level. CMS requires that GIP be provided for pain control or acute or chronic symptom management that can't be managed in the home setting. "Couldn't be managed at home" needs to be explicit in the nursing notes — not implied.

Common GIP denial reasons: the documentation shows the patient was in GIP for caregiver exhaustion (that's IRC, not GIP), or notes don't show ongoing pain or symptom management requiring that level of intensity.

Compliance issue: Using GIP as a convenience admission when a patient really meets IRC criteria is a billing error that OIG has specifically targeted. The distinction matters both for compliance and for the patient's benefit days.

Hospice Election and Certification

To bill hospice, the patient must have elected the benefit by signing an election statement. That statement must include the specific hospice chosen, the starting date, and acknowledgment that the patient understands the hospice benefit waives their right to other Medicare-covered services for the terminal diagnosis.

Certification of terminal illness must come from the attending physician and hospice medical director, stating the patient has a life expectancy of six months or less if the illness runs its normal course. This has to be documented before you bill.

Recertification Periods

The first two benefit periods are 90 days each. After that, the hospice can certify for unlimited 60-day periods. At each recertification, a face-to-face encounter with the patient is required — a hospice physician or nurse practitioner must personally assess the patient before the third and subsequent benefit periods.

Missing the face-to-face requirement means you can't certify the patient for the next period. And a gap in certification means a gap in your billing. Track these dates rigorously.

Tip: Set automated alerts 10 days before each recertification deadline. That gives time to schedule the face-to-face, get the certification signed, and prevent a billing gap.

Palliative Care Billing (Non-Hospice)

Palliative care provided outside the hospice benefit uses standard E&M codes. The key difference: the patient hasn't elected hospice, so they retain all their Medicare benefits. Palliative care visits bill as regular outpatient or inpatient E&M depending on the setting.

There's a growing push to establish separate palliative care codes, but for now, most palliative care visits are billed under time-based E&M (99202–99215 for outpatient, 99221–99223 for inpatient). Concurrent care (billing palliative care alongside the primary treating physician) is allowed when the palliative care service is distinct and not duplicative.

Volunteer Hours Reporting

Medicare requires hospices to provide at least 5% of total care hours through volunteers. This isn't a billing issue directly, but hospices that fall below the threshold face reimbursement reductions. Track volunteer hours as carefully as clinical hours.

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